Primarily known for the simplicity of its reference citation style, the Manual also established standards for language use that had far-reaching effects. The earliest editions were controlled by a group of field leaders who were behaviorist in orientation and the manual has continued to foster that ideology, even as it has influenced many other fields. The increasing length of the guidelines and its transformation into a manual have been accompanied by increasingly explicit prescriptions about many aspects of acceptable work. The initial edition went through two revisions: one in 1957, and one in 1967. The first edition of the APA Publication Manual was published in 1952 as a 61-page supplement to the Psychological Bulletin, marking the beginning of a recognized "APA style". In 1944, a 32-page guide appeared as an article in the same journal. In 1929, an APA committee had a seven-page writer's guide published in the Psychological Bulletin. The APA became involved in journal publishing in 1923. The current edition is its seventh revision. APA style is widely used, either entirely or with modifications, by hundreds of other scientific journals (including medical and other public health journals), in many textbooks, and in academia (for papers written in classes). The guidelines were developed to aid reading comprehension in the social and behavioral sciences, for clarity of communication, and for "word choice that best reduces bias in language". It is described in the style guide of the American Psychological Association (APA), which is titled the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association. It is commonly used for citing sources within the field of behavioral and social sciences, including sociology, education, health sciences, criminal justice, and anthropology, as well as psychology. APA style (also known as APA format) is a writing style and format for academic documents such as scholarly journal articles and books.
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